On 16 May, sepoys and palace servants killed fifty-two Europeans who were prisoners of the palace and who were discovered hiding in the city. However, he yielded to the demands of the sepoys when he was told that they would not be able to win against the East India Company without him. Bahadur Shah Zafar's conduct was indecisive. When the sepoys first arrived at Bahadur Shah Zafar's court, he asked them why they had come to him, because he had no means of maintaining them. It was attended by several sepoys who were described as treating him "familiarly or disrespectfully". On, Zafar held his first formal audience in several years. Because of Zafar's neutral views on religions, many Indian kings and regiments accepted and declared him as the Emperor of India. So long shall the sword of Hindustan flash before the throne of London.Īs the Indian Rebellion of 1857 spread, Sepoy regiments reached the Mughal Court at Delhi. Takht-i-Landan tak chale gī tegh Hindostān kī. Ghāzīyoñ meñ bū rahe gī jab talak īmān kīĪs long as there remains the scent of Iman in the hearts of our Ghazis, The court that he maintained was home to several renowned Urdu scholars, poets and writers including Mirza Ghalib, Daagh Dehlvi, Momin Khan Momin, and Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq (who was also Bahadur Shah Zafar's mentor). While some part of his opus was lost or destroyed during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, a large collection did survive, and was compiled into the Kulliyyat-i-Zafar. After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British exiled him from Delhi.īahadur Shah Zafar was a noted Urdu poet, having written a number of Urdu ghazals. Zafar never had any interest in statecraft or had any "imperial ambition". The emperor permitted the company to collect taxes from Delhi and maintain a military force in it. The emperor was respected by the company, who provided him with a pension. Outside the region controlled by the company, hundreds of kingdoms and principalities fragmented their land. The East India Company became the dominant political and military power in mid-nineteenth century India. The Marathas installed Shah Alam II in the throne in 1772, under the protection of the Maratha general Mahadaji Shinde and maintained suzerainty over Mughal affairs in Delhi. The Maratha Empire had brought an end to the Mughal Empire in the Deccan during the 18th century and the regions of India formerly under Mughal rule had either been absorbed by the Marathas or had declared independence and become smaller kingdoms. Police in Delhi during the reign of Bahadur Shah II, 1842īahadur Shah Zafar ruled over a Mughal Empire that had by the early 19th century been reduced to only the city of Delhi and the surrounding territory as far as Palam. However, the East India Company exiled Jahangir after he attacked their resident in the Red Fort, paving the way for Bahadur Shah to assume the throne. One of Akbar Shah's queens pressured him to declare her son, Mirza Jahangir, as his successor. Following his involvement in the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British exiled him to Rangoon in the British-controlled Burma in 1858, after convicting him on several charges.īahadur Shah Zafar's father, Akbar II, had been imprisoned by the British and he was not his father's preferred choice as his successor. He was a titular Emperor, as the Mughal Empire existed in name only and his authority was limited only to the walled city of Old Delhi ( Shahjahanbad). He was the second son and the successor to his father, Akbar II, who died on 28 September 1837. Victory) was born Mirza Abu Zafar Siraj-ud-din Muhammad (24 October 1775 – 7 November 1862) and was the twentieth and last Mughal Emperor of India as well as an Urdu poet. Mirza Abu Zafar Siraj-ud-din Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar II īahadur Shah II, usually referred to by his poetic title Bahadur Shah Zafar ( Persian pronunciation: Zafar lit.
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